[Linux] 安裝 HadoopDB 於 Hadoop 0.19.2 @ Ubuntu 9.10

+ =HadoopDB
圖片來源：http://hadoop.apache.org/ 與 http://wiki.postgresql.org/

雖然，上頭圖片的結合並不代表 HadoopDB 的原意，但 HadoopDB 開發上使用了 PostgreSQL 作為範例。那什麼是 HadoopDB 呢？那就是提出並實作在 DataNode 上架設 Database 的模式，以此整合起來的一個服務架構。傳統 Databases 技術上的鑽研已不是短短幾年可以道盡，然而，目前火紅的 Hadoop ，在資料儲存上預設是採用 HDFS 模式，就是簡單的檔案儲存模式。如果把資料的管理擺在資料庫，那能不能將過去在資料庫上的效能帶入 Hadoop 裡呢？這就是 HadoopDB 想嘗試的方向。HadoopDB：An architectural hybrid of MapReduce and DBMS technologies，也有人用這樣來描述 HadoopDB：An Open Source Parallel Database。

圖片來源：http://hadoopdb.sourceforge.net/guide/

上圖是 HadoopDB 的架構圖，有一個 SMS Planner 將 SQL 語法轉成 MapReduce Jobs ，而底層又有一次轉換，將 MapReduce 存取轉成 SQL 語法，在此不多探討，有興趣的請直接看它的 Paper 囉。

由於它是在 Hadoop-0.19.x 開發的，因此我還是用 Hadoop-0.19.2 來架設，至於架設部分可以參考這篇：[Linux] 安裝 Hadoop 0.20.1 Multi-Node Cluster @ Ubuntu 9.10，其中 0.19.2 與 0.20.1 安裝上只有些微的差別，在上述文章中的 hadoop-0.20.1/conf/core-site.xml 與 hadoop-0.20.1/conf/mapred-site.xml 
的內容，只需改寫在 hadoop-0.19.2/conf/hadoop-site.xml 即可。接著下面的介紹也將延續上則安裝教學，以 3-Node Cluster ，分別以 Cluster01、Cluster02 和 Cluster03 作為範例敘述，並且各台使用 hadoop 帳號來操作。

1. 首先需建立 3-Node Cluster on Hadoop 0.19.x
   
   
   
   
   • HadoopDB Quick Start Guide
   
   
   • JDBC Driver - Java 1.6 請使用 postgresql-8.4-701.jdbc4.jar
   
   
   • 另一個不錯的安裝文件：HadoopDB 實做
   
   
   
   


2. 以下若是用 hadoop@Cluster0X:~ 代表 Cluster01 ~ Cluster03 都要做的


3. 對各台安裝設定 PostgreSQL
   
   
   
   • 安裝並為資料庫建立 hadoop 帳號，假定使用密碼為 1234
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster0X:~$ sudo apt-get install postgresql
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster0X:~$ sudo vim /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/pg_hba.conf
     
     
     
     • #local   all         all                               ident
       local   all         all                               trust
       # IPv4 local connections:
       #host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          md5
       host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          password
       host    all         all         192.168.0.1/16          password            # 加上Cluster 機器 IP 範圍
       # IPv6 local connections:
       #host    all         all         ::1/128               md5
       host    all         all         ::1/128               password
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster0X:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 restart
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster0X:~$ sudo su - postgres
   
   
   • postgres@Cluster0X:~$ createuser hadoop
     
     
     
     • Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) y
       postgres@Cluster01:~$ psql
       psql (8.4.2)
       Type "help" for help.
       
       postgres=# alter user hadoop with password '1234';
       ALTER ROLE
       postgres=# \q
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • 測試其他機器可否連線
     
     
     
     • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ createdb testdb
     
     
     • hadoop@Cluster02:~$ psql -h Cluster01 testdb
       
       
       
       • 錯誤訊息
         
         
         
         • psql: FATAL:  no pg_hba.conf entry for host "192.168.56.168", user "hadoop", database "testdb", SSL on
           FATAL:  no pg_hba.conf entry for host "192.168.56.168", user "hadoop", database "testdb", SSL off
         
         
         
         
       
       
       • 正確訊息
         
         
         
         • Password:
           psql (8.4.2)
           SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
           Type "help" for help.
           
           testdb=#
         
         
         
         
       
       
       
       
     
     
     
     
   
   
   
   


4. 設定 HadoopDB
   
   
   
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster0X:~$ cp hadoopdb.jar HADOOP_HOME/lib/
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster0X:~$ cp postgresql-8.4-701.jdbc4.jar HADOOP_HOME/lib/
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster0X:~$ vim HADOOP_HOME/conf/hadoop-site.xml
     
     
     
     • 
       <property>
       <name>hadoopdb.config.file</name>
       <value>HadoopDB.xml</value>
       <description>The name of the HadoopDB cluster configuration file</description>
       </property>
       
       
       
       <property>
       <name>hadoopdb.fetch.size</name>
       <value>1000</value>
       <description>The number of records fetched from JDBC ResultSet at once</description>
       </property>
       
       
       <property>
       <name>hadoopdb.config.replication</name>
       <value>false</value>
       <description>Tells HadoopDB Catalog whether replication is enabled.
       Replica locations need to be specified in the catalog.
       False causes replica information to be ignored.</description>
       </property>
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ vim nodes.txt
     
     
     
     • 192.168.56.168
       192.168.56.169
       192.168.56.170
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ vim Catalog.properties
     
     
     
     • #Properties for Catalog Generation
       ##################################
       nodes_file=nodes.txt
       # Relations Name and Table Name are the same
       relations_unchunked=raw
       relations_chunked=poi
       catalog_file=HadoopDB.xml
       ##
       #DB Connection Parameters
       ##
       port=5432
       username=hadoop
       password=1234
       driver=org.postgresql.Driver
       url_prefix=jdbc\:postgresql\://
       ##
       #Chunking properties
       ##
       # the number of databases on a node
       chunks_per_node=3
       # for udb0 ,udb1, udb2 ( 3 nodes = 0 ~ 2 )
       unchunked_db_prefix=udb
       # for cdb0 ,cdb1, ... , cdb8 ( 3 nodes x 3 chunks = 0~8 )
       chunked_db_prefix=cdb
       ##
       #Replication Properties
       ##
       dump_script_prefix=/root/dump_
       replication_script_prefix=/root/load_replica_
       dump_file_u_prefix=/mnt/dump_udb
       dump_file_c_prefix=/mnt/dump_cdb
       ##
       #Cluster Connection
       ##
       ssh_key=id_rsa-gsg-keypair
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ java -cp lib/hadoopdb.jar edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.catalog.SimpleCatalogGenerator Catalog.properties
     
     
     
     • 產生的 HadoopDB.xml 類似下面：
       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
       <DBClusterConfiguration xmlns="http://edu.yale.cs.db.hadoop/DBConfigurationSchema">
           <Nodes Password="1234" Username="hadoop" Driver="org.postgresql.Driver" Location="192.168.56.168">
               <Relations id="raw">
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.168:5432/udb0" id="0"/>
               </Relations>
               <Relations id="poi">
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.168:5432/cdb0" id="0"/>
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.168:5432/cdb1" id="1"/>
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.168:5432/cdb2" id="2"/>
               </Relations>
           </Nodes>
           <Nodes Password="1234" Username="hadoop" Driver="org.postgresql.Driver" Location="192.168.56.169">
               <Relations id="raw">
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.169:5432/udb1" id="1"/>
               </Relations>
               <Relations id="poi">
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.169:5432/cdb3" id="3"/>
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.169:5432/cdb4" id="4"/>
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.169:5432/cdb5" id="5"/>
               </Relations>
           </Nodes>
           <Nodes Password="1234" Username="hadoop" Driver="org.postgresql.Driver" Location="192.168.56.170">
               <Relations id="raw">
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.170:5432/udb2" id="2"/>
               </Relations>
               <Relations id="poi">
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.170:5432/cdb6" id="6"/>
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.170:5432/cdb7" id="7"/>
                   <Partitions url="jdbc:postgresql://192.168.56.170:5432/cdb8" id="8"/>
               </Relations>
           </Nodes>
       </DBClusterConfiguration>
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ hadoop dfs -put HadoopDB.xml HadoopDB.xml
   
   
   
   


5. 建立資料表、測試資料匯入各台機器的資料庫中，並且在 Hive 上建立相對應的資料表
   
   
   
   • 在此以 raw 這個 talbe 當作範例。假設 HadoopDB.xml 對 raw 這個 table 敘述有 3 個，即上述範例的 udb0 、udb1 和 udb2，那就要分別去上頭指定的機器上建立資料庫
     
     
     
     • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ createdb udb0
       hadoop@Cluster02:~$ createdb udb1
       hadoop@Cluster03:~$ createdb udb2
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • 並且依輸入的資料建立資料表
     
     
     
     • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ psql udb0
       udb0=#
       CREATE TABLE raw (
       ID int,
       NAME varchar(300)
       );
     
     
     • 同理如 Cluster02 跟 Cluster03
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • 資料匯入
     
     
     
     • hadoop@Cluster01:~$ psql udb0
       udb0=# COPY RAW FROM '/home/hadoop/p0' WITH DELIMITER E'\t' ;
     
     
     • 關於 /home/hadoop/p0 的資料主要從原本依開始的大檔案，使用 HadoopDB 所提供的切割工具處理的
       
       
       
       • $ hadoop jar lib/hadoopdb.jar edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.dataloader.GlobalHasher src_in_hdfs out_in_hdfs 3 '\n' 0
       
       
       • $ hadoop fs -get out_in_hdfs/part-00000 /home/hadoop/p0
       
       
       
       
     
     
     • 假設資料擺在 /home/haddop/p0 並且欄位以 tab 分隔
     
     
     • 同理也要處理 Cluster02 跟 Cluster03
     
     
     
     
   
   
   • 最後，在 Hive 上頭建立相對應的資料表 (只需用一台機器執行)
     
     
     
     
     • 假設 Hive 使用的資料表將儲存在 HDFS 的 /db
     
     
     • hadoop@Cluster01:~ $ hadoop dfs -mkdir /db
     
     
     • hadoop@Cluster01:~ $ SMS_dist/bin/hive
       CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE raw (
       ID int,
       NAME string
       )
       ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
       FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|'
       STORED AS
       INPUTFORMAT 'edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.sms.connector.SMSInputFormat'
       OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
       LOCATION '/db/raw';
     
     
     • 其中 /db/raw 的 basename 要跟 table 名稱一樣(各台資料庫裡的資料表與Hive建立的資料表)，另外對於資料欄位的型別也別忘了轉換囉
     
     
     
     
   
   
   
   


6. 以上設定完後，即可在一台機器上(Ex: Cluster1) 執行 $ SMS_dist/bin/hive 看看成果
   
   
   
   • hadoop@Cluster01:~ $ SMS_dist/bin/hive
     hive> show tables;
     hive> select name from raw;
   
   
   
   

上述是採用 unchunked 當作範例，如果改用 chunked 模式，假設有三台機器，並且打算使用三個資料庫，那設定上就會變成 3 x 3 的數量，也就是共有 9 個資料庫要設定，包括建立資料庫、建立資料表，匯入資料等等的，因此實作上應該寫隻 script 處理，在 HadoopDB 網站上有一個建立 /my_data 目錄範例，我把它稍微改寫：

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys, os, thread, commands
import getopt  
       
DEBUG_MODE = True
                       
completed = {} 
create_db_cmd_list = [ ''
        , 'createdb testdb'
        , 'echo "CREATE TABLE Helo ( ID int );" | psql testdb'
        , 'dropdb testdb'
]              
                       
cmd_list = []
cmd_list.extend( create_db_cmd_list )

def ParseHadoopXML( file_path ) :
        return 
               
def executeThread(node, *args ):
        #Make sure key is accessible and is the correct key name.
        #os.system("ssh -i key -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking=no' %s \'mkdir /my_data \'" %(node))
        #You could replace the mkdir command with another command line or add more command lines,
        # as long as you prefix the command with the ssh connection.

        if DEBUG_MODE :
                print "\tShow Only"
        for cmd in cmd_list :
                if cmd == None or cmd == '' :
                        continue;
                cmd = cmd.strip()
                if cmd == '' :
                        continue;
                cmd_exec = "ssh %s \'%s\'" % (node , cmd )
                print "\t" , cmd_exec
                if DEBUG_MODE == False :
                        os.system( cmd_exec )
        completed[node] = "true"

def main( argv=None ):
        hostfile = "nodes.txt"
        internalips = open(hostfile,'r').readlines()

        for i in internalips:
                os.system('sleep 1')

                node_info = i.strip() ,
                thread.start_new_thread(executeThread, node_info  )

        while (len(completed.keys()) < len(internalips)):
                os.system('sleep 2')

        print "Execution Completed"

if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()

最後，我則是來個大改寫，若要使用十分建議先在用在虛擬環境，看看流程對不對，當然，最好是自己先手動設定過，等流程清楚後再設計符合自己的需求。使用上要先準備的資料：

1. 將原始擺在 HDFS ，預設資料以 new line 分格，每筆資料以 Tab 分格欄位，例如：
   
   
   
   • 1    changyy
     2    hello world
     3    hadoop
   
   
   
   


2. 在本機端建立 nodes.txt ，裡頭敘述 Cluster 各台機器的 IP，用 New Line('\n') 符號分格，例如：
   
   
   
   • 192.168.56.168
     192.168.56.169
     192.168.56.170
   
   
   
   


3. 建立資料表的欄位敘述，預設此用 table_create 檔案，例如：
   
   
   
   • ID int ,
     NAME varchar(250)
   
   
   
   


4. 最後，可以透過 $python this.py -help 查看有什麼可以設定，只不過是用很破的英文描述

純粹 show 出將會執行的指令，請留意它將會刪除哪些目錄、資料庫等等
$ python this.py --source_dir_in_hdfs src

真正運行
$ python this.py --source_dir_in_hdfs src -go

預設是 unchunked ，若想設定可以用 --chunk_num 設定
$ python this.py --source_dir_in_hdfs src --chunk_num 3

實際運行例子：

• hadoop@Cluster01:~$ cat nodes.txt
  192.168.56.168
  192.168.56.169
  192.168.56.170


• hadoop@Cluster01:~$ cat table_create
  ID int,
  NAME varchar(250)


• hadoop@Cluster01:~$ python batch_setup.py --source_dir_in_hdfs src
  
   Current Status is just Debug Mode for show all commands
   please set '-g' or '--go' option to execute them after check all commands.(look at the 'rm -rf' and 'hadoop fs -rmr')
  
  $ /usr/bin/java -cp /home/hadoop/lib/hadoopdb.jar edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.catalog.SimpleCatalogGenerator /tmp/Catalog.properties
  
  => Start to put the HadoopDB.xml into HDFS
  
  $ /home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -rmr HadoopDB.xml
  $ /home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -put HadoopDB.xml HadoopDB.xml
  
  => The data source(src) would be partitioned into 3 parts(tmp_out_hadoopdb) by the delimiter (\n)
  
  $ /home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -rmr tmp_out_hadoopdb
  $ /home/hadoop/bin/hadoop jar /home/hadoop/lib/hadoopdb.jar edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.dataloader.GlobalHasher src tmp_out_hadoopdb 3 '\n' 0
  
  => To configure your nodes...
  
      ssh 192.168.56.168 "dropdb udb_hadoopdb_0"
      ssh 192.168.56.168 "createdb udb_hadoopdb_0"
      ssh 192.168.56.168 "echo \"create table hadoopdb ( id int, name varchar(250) );\" | psql udb_hadoopdb_0"
      ssh 192.168.56.168 "rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.168 "/home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -get tmp_out_hadoopdb/part-00000 /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.168 "echo \"COPY hadoopdb FROM '/tmp/out_for_global_parition' WITH DELIMITER E'\t';\" | psql udb_hadoopdb_0"
      ssh 192.168.56.168 "rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.170 "dropdb udb_hadoopdb_2"
      ssh 192.168.56.170 "createdb udb_hadoopdb_2"
      ssh 192.168.56.170 "echo \"create table hadoopdb ( id int, name varchar(250) );\" | psql udb_hadoopdb_2"
      ssh 192.168.56.170 "rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.170 "/home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -get tmp_out_hadoopdb/part-00002 /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.170 "echo \"COPY hadoopdb FROM '/tmp/out_for_global_parition' WITH DELIMITER E'\t';\" | psql udb_hadoopdb_2"
      ssh 192.168.56.170 "rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.169 "dropdb udb_hadoopdb_1"
      ssh 192.168.56.169 "createdb udb_hadoopdb_1"
      ssh 192.168.56.169 "echo \"create table hadoopdb ( id int, name varchar(250) );\" | psql udb_hadoopdb_1"
      ssh 192.168.56.169 "rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.169 "/home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -get tmp_out_hadoopdb/part-00001 /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
      ssh 192.168.56.169 "echo \"COPY hadoopdb FROM '/tmp/out_for_global_parition' WITH DELIMITER E'\t';\" | psql udb_hadoopdb_1"
      ssh 192.168.56.169 "rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition"
  $ /home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -rmr tmp_out_hadoopdb
  
  => To setup the external table for Hive
  
  $ /home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir /db
  $ /home/hadoop/bin/hadoop fs -rmr /db/hadoopdb
  $  echo "drop table hadoopdb;" | /home/hadoop/SMS_dist/bin/hive
  $  echo "create external table hadoopdb ( id int, name string )  ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|' STORED AS  INPUTFORMAT 'edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.sms.connector.SMSInputFormat'  OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'  LOCATION '/db/hadoopdb'; " | /home/hadoop/SMS_dist/bin/hive
  
  
  => All Execution Completed...

#!/usr/bin/python
# At Python 2.6.4
# Yuan-Yi Chang
# 2010/01/07 15:09
#
import sys, os, thread, commands
import re, os.path
from optparse import OptionParser

BIN_JAVA = '/usr/bin/java'
BIN_HADOOP = '/home/hadoop/bin/hadoop'
BIN_HIVE = '/home/hadoop/SMS_dist/bin/hive'
JAR_HADOOPDB = '/home/hadoop/lib/hadoopdb.jar'

completed = {}
cmd_for_node = {}

def initHadoopDB(    data_in_hdfs = None , data_delimiter = '\n' , data_field_delimiter = '\t' ,
            data_partition_out = None ,
            nodes_in_file = 'nodes.txt' , chunks_per_node = 3 ,
            table_name = None , table_field_info = None ,
            db_user = 'hadoop' , db_pass='1234' , db_field_delimiter = '|' , hive_db_dir_in_hdfs = '/db' ,
  
         tmp_path_for_catelog = '/tmp/Catalog.properties' ,
out_hadoop_xml = 'HadoopDB.xml' , hadoop_xml_in_hdfs = 'HadoopDB.xml' ,
            DEBUG_MODE = True ) :
    if data_in_hdfs is None :
        print 'Please input the path of the data source in HDFS'
        return False
    if data_partition_out is None :
        print 'Please input the path for the data source parition in HDFS'
        return False
    if table_name is None or re.match( '/[a-z0-9_]+/'  , table_name ) :
        print 'Please input the table name with [a-z0-9_] only'
        return False
    if table_field_info is None or os.path.isfile( table_field_info ) is False :
        print 'Please check the "table_field_info" : ' + str(table_field_info)
        return False
        
    if os.path.isfile( nodes_in_file ) is False :
        print 'Please check the "nodes_in_file" : ' + nodes_in_file
        return False
    if chunks_per_node < 0 :
        print 'Please check the "chunks_per_node" : ' + chunks_per_node + ' , 0 for no chunk'
        return False

    data_delimiter = data_delimiter.replace( '\n' , '\\n' ).replace( '\t' , '\\t' )
    data_field_delimiter = data_field_delimiter.replace( '\t' , '\\t' ).replace( '\n' , '\\n' )
    db_field_delimiter = db_field_delimiter.replace( '\t' , '\\t' ).replace( '\n' , '\\n' )

    make_catelog = ''
    #Properties for Catalog Generation'
    ##################################
    make_catelog += 'nodes_file='+nodes_in_file+'\n'
    if chunks_per_node < 2 :
        make_catelog += 'relations_chunked=no_use' + '\n'
        make_catelog += 'relations_unchunked='+table_name + '\n'
    else:
        make_catelog += 'relations_unchunked=' + 'no_use' + '\n'
        make_catelog += 'relations_chunked='+table_name + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'catalog_file=' + out_hadoop_xml + '\n'
    ##
    #DB Connection Parameters
    ##
    make_catelog += 'port=5432' + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'username=' + db_user + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'password=' + db_pass + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'driver=org.postgresql.Driver' + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'url_prefix=jdbc\\:postgresql\\://'+ '\n'
    ##
    #Chunking properties
    ##
    make_catelog += 'chunks_per_node=' + str(chunks_per_node) + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'unchunked_db_prefix=udb_' + table_name + '_' + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'chunked_db_prefix=cdb_'+ table_name + '_' + '\n'
    ##
    #Replication Properties
    ##
    make_catelog += 'dump_script_prefix=/root/dump' + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'replication_script_prefix=/root/load_replica_' + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'dump_file_u_prefix=/mnt/dump_udb' + '\n'
    make_catelog += 'dump_file_c_prefix=/mnt/dump_cdb'+ '\n'
    ##
    #Cluster Connection
    ##
    make_catelog += 'ssh_key=id_rsa-gsg-keypair' + '\n'
    
    try:
        f = open( tmp_path_for_catelog , 'w' )
        f.write( make_catelog )
        f.close()
    except:
        print 'Error to write a catelog:'+tmp_path_for_catelog
        return False
  
 cmd_exec = BIN_JAVA + ' -cp ' + JAR_HADOOPDB + '
edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.catalog.SimpleCatalogGenerator ' +
tmp_path_for_catelog
    if DEBUG_MODE :
        print '$ ' + cmd_exec
    else:
        os.system( cmd_exec )

    if os.path.isfile( out_hadoop_xml ) is False :
        print 'Please check the "out_hadoop_xml" : ' + out_hadoop_xml
        return False

    print '\n=> Start to put the HadoopDB.xml into HDFS\n'

    if DEBUG_MODE :
        print '$ ' + BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + hadoop_xml_in_hdfs
        print '$ ' + BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -put ' + out_hadoop_xml + ' ' + hadoop_xml_in_hdfs
    else:
        os.system( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + hadoop_xml_in_hdfs )
        os.system( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -put ' + out_hadoop_xml + ' ' + hadoop_xml_in_hdfs  )

    partition_num = 0
    node_list = []
    try:
        tmp_list = open( nodes_in_file ,'r').readlines()
        for line in tmp_list :
            line = line.strip()
            if line <> '' :
                node_list.append( line )
        partition_num = len( node_list )
    except:
        print 'Please check the "nodes_in_file" : ' + nodes_in_file
        return False

    if partition_num > 1 :
  
     cmd_exec = BIN_HADOOP + ' jar ' + JAR_HADOOPDB + '
edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.dataloader.GlobalHasher ' + data_in_hdfs + ' ' +
data_partition_out + ' ' + str(partition_num) + ' \'' + data_delimiter
+ '\' 0 '

        print '\n=> The data
source('+data_in_hdfs+') would be partitioned into
'+str(partition_num)+' parts('+data_partition_out+') by the delimiter
('+data_delimiter+')\n'
        if DEBUG_MODE :
            print '$ ' + BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + data_partition_out
            print '$ ' + cmd_exec
        else:
            os.system( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + data_partition_out )
            os.system( cmd_exec )
    else:
        print '\n=> The number of datanodes should be > 1\n'
        return False

    HadoopDB_Info = ''
    try:
        HadoopDB_Info = open( out_hadoop_xml , 'r' ).read()
    except:
        print 'Error at read "out_hadoop_xml" : ' + out_hadoop_xml
        return False
    if HadoopDB_Info is '' :
        print 'The info in the file is empty : ' + HadoopDB_Info
        return False

    DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO = ''
    try:
        DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO = open( table_field_info , 'r' ).read().strip()
    except:
        print 'Error at read "table_field_info" : ' + table_field_info
        return False

    if DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO is '' :
        print 'The info in the file is empty : ' + DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO
        return False
    DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO = DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO.replace( "\n" , ' ' ).replace( '"' , '\\"' ).lower()
    DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO = 'create table ' + table_name + ' ( ' + DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO + ' );'

    #print node_list
    partition_index = 0
    for node in node_list:
        cmd_for_node[ node ] = []
        if chunks_per_node is 0 :    # use unchunked mode
            db_list = re.findall( '' + node +':[\d]+/(udb_' + table_name + '_'+'[\w]+)' , HadoopDB_Info )
            for sub_db in db_list :
                # Create Database & Table
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'dropdb ' + sub_db )
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'createdb ' + sub_db )
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'echo "'+DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO+'" | psql '+ sub_db )
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition' )
  
             cmd_for_node[ node ].append( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -get ' +
data_partition_out + '/part-%0.5d /tmp/out_for_global_parition' %
partition_index )
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'echo
"COPY '+table_name+' FROM \'/tmp/out_for_global_parition\' WITH
DELIMITER E\''+data_field_delimiter+'\';" | psql '+ sub_db )
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'rm -rf /tmp/out_for_global_parition' )
        else:
            db_list = re.findall( '' + node +':[\d]+/(cdb_' + table_name + '_'+'[\w]+)' , HadoopDB_Info )
            if db_list <> None :
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'rm -rf /tmp/*out_for_global_parition' )
  
             cmd_for_node[ node ].append( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -get ' +
data_partition_out + '/part-%0.5d /tmp/out_for_global_parition' %
partition_index )
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'cd
/tmp; ' + BIN_JAVA + ' -cp ' + JAR_HADOOPDB + '
edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.dataloader.LocalHasher out_for_global_parition ' +
str( chunks_per_node ) + ' \'' + data_delimiter + '\' 0 ' )
                sub_part = 0
                for sub_db in db_list :
                    # Create Database & Table
                    cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'dropdb ' + sub_db )
                    cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'createdb ' + sub_db )
                    cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'echo "'+DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO+'" | psql '+ sub_db )
  
                 cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'echo "COPY
'+table_name+' FROM \'/tmp/'+str(sub_part)+'-out_for_global_parition\'
WITH DELIMITER E\''+data_field_delimiter+'\';" | psql '+ sub_db )

                    sub_part = sub_part + 1
                    #cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'rm -rf /tmp/'+str(sub_part)+'-out_for_global_parition' )
                
                cmd_for_node[ node ].append( 'rm -rf /tmp/*out_for_global_parition' )

        partition_index = partition_index + 1
    
    print '\n=> To configure your nodes...\n'

    for node in node_list:
        thread.start_new_thread( executeThreadForNode , ( node, DEBUG_MODE ) )

    while (len(completed.keys()) < len(node_list) ) :
        os.system('sleep 2')

    if DEBUG_MODE :
        print '$ ' + BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + data_partition_out
    else:
        os.system( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + data_partition_out )

    print '\n=> To setup the external table for Hive\n'
    if DEBUG_MODE :
        print '$ ' + BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -mkdir ' + hive_db_dir_in_hdfs
        print '$ ' + BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + hive_db_dir_in_hdfs + '/' + table_name
    else:
        os.system( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -mkdir ' + hive_db_dir_in_hdfs )
        os.system( BIN_HADOOP + ' fs -rmr ' + hive_db_dir_in_hdfs + '/' + table_name  )
    
    cmd_exec = ' echo "drop table '+table_name+';" | ' + BIN_HIVE
    if DEBUG_MODE :
        print '$ ' + cmd_exec
    else:
        os.system( cmd_exec )

    create_hive_external_table =     ' ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY \'' + db_field_delimiter + '\''
    create_hive_external_table +=    ' STORED AS '
    create_hive_external_table +=    ' INPUTFORMAT \'edu.yale.cs.hadoopdb.sms.connector.SMSInputFormat\' '
    create_hive_external_table +=    ' OUTPUTFORMAT \'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat\' '
    create_hive_external_table +=    ' LOCATION \'' + hive_db_dir_in_hdfs + '/' + table_name + '\'; '

  
 DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO = DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO.replace( ";" , ' '
).replace( 'precision' , '' ).replace( 'create table' , 'create
external table' )
    DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO = re.sub( 'varchar\([\d]+\)|text' , 'string' , DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO )
    create_hive_external_table = DB_TABLE_CREATE_INFO + create_hive_external_table

    cmd_exec = ' echo "'+create_hive_external_table+'" | ' + BIN_HIVE
    if DEBUG_MODE :
        print '$ ' + cmd_exec
    else:
        os.system( cmd_exec )

def executeThreadForNode(node,DEBUG_MODE=True, *args ):
    for cmd in cmd_for_node[node] :
        if cmd == None or cmd == '' :
            continue;
        cmd = cmd.strip()
        if cmd == '' :
            continue;
        cmd = cmd.replace( '"' , '\\"' )
        cmd_exec = "ssh %s \"%s\"" % (node , cmd )
        print "\t" , cmd_exec
        if DEBUG_MODE == False :
            os.system( cmd_exec )
    completed[node] = "true"

def main( argv=None ):

    parser = OptionParser()
  
 parser.add_option( "-H" , "--source_dir_in_hdfs" ,
dest="source_dir_in_hdfs" , default=None, help="dir for data source in
HDFS" )
    parser.add_option( "-D" , "--source_data_delimiter" ,
dest="source_data_delimiter" , default='\n' , help="record delimtier
for the source" )
    parser.add_option( "-F" ,
"--source_field_delimiter" , dest="source_field_delimiter" ,
default='\t' , help="field delimiter for a record" )
  
 parser.add_option( "-P" , "--source_partition_dir" ,
dest="source_partition_dir" , default="tmp_out_hadoopdb" , help="temp
dir in HDFS for source partition" )
    parser.add_option( "-N"
, "--node_list_file" , dest="node_list_file" , default="nodes.txt" ,
help="path for a file saved each node's IP address" )
    parser.add_option( "-c" , "--chunk_num" , dest="chunk_num" , default=0 , help="number of databases for each node" )
  
 parser.add_option( "-t" , "--table_name" , dest="table_name" ,
default="hadoopdb" , help="table name for creation on Hive and
databases" )
    parser.add_option( "-i" , "--table_field_info_file"
, dest="table_field_info_file" , default="table_create", help="file for
table field definition only" )
    parser.add_option( "-u" ,
"--db_username" , dest="db_username" , default="hadoop" ,
help="username for login the databases on each node" )
  
 parser.add_option( "-p" , "--db_password" , dest="db_password" ,
default="1234" , help="password for login the databases on each node" )
  
 parser.add_option( "-d" , "--db_field_delimiter" ,
dest="db_field_delimiter" , default="|" , help="field delimiter for the
databases" )
    parser.add_option( "-w" , "--hive_db_dir" ,
dest="hive_db_dir" , default='/db' , help="path in HDFS for Hive to
save the tables" )
    parser.add_option( "-f" , "--catalog_properties"
, dest="catalog_properties" , default='/tmp/Catalog.properties' ,
help="output file for Catalog.Properties" )
    parser.add_option(
"-x" , "--hadoopdb_xml" , dest="hadoopdb_xml" , default="HadoopDB.xml"
, help="output file for HadoopDB.xml" )
    parser.add_option( "-y"
, "--hadoopdb_xml_in_hdfs" , dest="hadoopdb_xml_in_hdfs" ,
default="HadoopDB.xml" , help="filename for HadoopDB.xml in HDFS" )
  
 parser.add_option( "-g" , "--go" , action="store_false" , dest="mode"
, default=True , help="set it to execute the commands" )

    ( options, args ) = parser.parse_args()
    #print options
    #return    

  
 #initHadoopDB(    data_in_hdfs='src' , data_partition_out='tmp_out' ,
table_name='justtest' , table_field_info='table_create'  )

    if options.source_dir_in_hdfs is None :
        print "Please input the source dir in HDFS by '--source_dir_in_hdfs' "
        return
    if os.path.isfile( options.node_list_file ) is False :
        print "Please check the '" + options.node_list_file + "' path and setup by '--node_list_file'"

    if options.mode is True :
  
     print "\n Current Status is just Debug Mode for show all
commands\n please set '-g' or '--go' option to execute them after check
all commands.(look at the 'rm -rf' and 'hadoop fs -rmr')\n"
    
  
 initHadoopDB( data_in_hdfs = options.source_dir_in_hdfs,
data_delimiter = options.source_data_delimiter, data_field_delimiter =
options.source_field_delimiter,data_partition_out =
options.source_partition_dir, nodes_in_file = options.node_list_file,
chunks_per_node = options.chunk_num, table_name = options.table_name,
table_field_info = options.table_field_info_file, db_user =
options.db_username, db_pass = options.db_password, db_field_delimiter
= options.db_field_delimiter, hive_db_dir_in_hdfs =
options.hive_db_dir, tmp_path_for_catelog = options.catalog_properties,
out_hadoop_xml = options.hadoopdb_xml, hadoop_xml_in_hdfs =
options.hadoopdb_xml_in_hdfs, DEBUG_MODE = options.mode )

    print "\n\n=> All Execution Completed..."

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

另外有一些常見問題也順便紀錄：

hadoop@Cluster01:~$ echo "drop table justest;" | /home/hadoop/SMS_dist/bin/hive
Hive history file=/tmp/hadoop/hive_job_log_hadoop_201001081445_409015456.txt
hive> drop table justest;
FAILED:
Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to
start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
NestedThrowables:
java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask
hive>

這類訊息是因為同時有兩個 client 在用 hive，同一時間只能有一個 client 在操作。

hadoop@Cluster01:~$ sudo apt-get install postgresql
hadoop@Cluster01:~$ sudo vim /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/pg_hba.conf

#local   all         all                               ident
local   all         all                               trust
# IPv4 local connections:
#host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          md5
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          password
host    all         all         10.0.0.1/8          password            # 加上Cluster機器上的範圍
# IPv6 local connections:
#host    all         all         ::1/128               md5
host    all         all         ::1/128               password

hadoop@Cluster01:~$ sudo vim /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/postgresql.conf

listen_addresses = '*'

hadoop@Cluster01:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 restart
hadoop@Cluster01:~$ sudo su - postgres
postgres@Cluster01:~$ createuser hadoop

Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) y

postgres@Cluster01:~$ psql

psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# alter user hadoop with password '1234';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# \q

postgres@Cluster01:~$ exit

logout